Review
-The Caves of Lascaux were the beginning of imagery.
-Storytelling was a strong way of bring ideas to others before writing.
-Cuneiform tablets were some of the first ways of writing.
-The romans took Greecian ideas and refined them.
-The Roman alphabet is the forerunner for today's alphabet.
-Rustic and Capital Quadrada were some of the first types used.
-When the Roman Empire fell Kells were left to fend for themselves and make their own writing
style.
-The Book of Kells was an example of Gothic Script.
-Parchment soon came into play and was created by shaving sheep skin until it was thin enough.
-Paper was made with a screen and shavings and water.
-I feel that even the imagery on such pieces as the Caves of Lascaux were impacters on how we create type now. Even though we don't use images, the types we use are just like those images in the since that we are telling a story or sending a message using these types.
Evolution of Roman Letters
-1465 - Type took on a humanistic style of Italian scribes.
-1476 - Calendarium - Calculated solar and lunar cycle.
-Steven Daye brought printing to the Colonies in 1639.
-Gutenberg and Steven Daye were very similar by being two normal guys who brought printing to
their societies.
-Gutenberg and Steven Daye I feel can be agreat influence on us. Two ordinary men who knew nothing about type became two of the people we need to thank for developing this art that we use today.
Rococo / French Revolution
-During the French Revolution letters were to be drawn by scientific principles a square divided into a
grid of 64 units each of them was divided into 36 units for a total of 2304 units.
-Philippe Grandjean made a Specimen of Romaine du Roi in 1702.
-Pierre Simon Fournier Le Jeune, who lived during the Rococo period, created Manuel
Typographique, 1764 & 1768.
-Dies before the French Revolution.
-Rococo is the time period in which fanciful French interior design was a major deal.
-Copperplate engraving explodes during the French Revolution. It aloud contrasts between thick and
thins in type.
-Influences design of metal type.
-Giambattista Bodoni was greatly influenced by Fournier.
-Bodoni is a mechanical type face with a limited number of similar units. The Neoclassical style was
simplified and showed strong contrasts between thicks and thins.
-With the French Revolution ending and the Industrial Revolution beginning I find it crazy that not only interior design, but even type and printing developed so quickly over a short period of time.
Industrial Revolution
-Fatface (Display) type faces become popular.
-These type faces were used to catch peoples attention.
-Because these Fatfaces were so large people began to make wood type.
-Manufacturing replaces hand made works.
-Agriculture becomes Industrial.
-The Industrial Revolution brought with is consumerism, possession, greed, the rise of the middle
class, lose of human value, and growing literacy and schools.
-In 1815 Vincent Figgins showed Two Line Picas, Antique which we now call Egyptian.
-Egyptian typefaces have even weight between stroke and serif. (These were also called slab serifs)
-Then came the Two Line Egyptian; the Sans Serif.
-And after that came Tuskin Letters; Display / Ornamental Serifs.
Router
-Because of the Router we were able to create knocked out type, shadowed type, etc.
-Poster houses began to pop up.
-Wood and metal type were being used in the same piece.
-Lythography - draw or write on stone.
-To hang posters back then you needed approval from the authorities.
-Now I feel that we are beginning to see a development into the typefaces we use today. With the development of Display faces, Sans Serifs, and the perfecting of Serif faces we are beginning to see a direct relation between the past and the present.
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