- Industrialization has a downside.
- Not everyone benefitted from Industrialization.
The Growth of Printing
- The first iron printing press was made by Earl Stanhope, in 1800.
- Fredrerich Koenig, first double cylinder steam powered press from 1814.
- Ned Ludd was against technology. Luddites are people who don't understand technology and don't
want to
- People and companies who had to print printed in secret because they were scare of people destroying
technological advances.
- To make money, newspapers started selling ads to be in their papers.
- 1814 - John Hooper became the first AD Man.
- Ottmar Mergenthalier pefected his linotype machine in 1886.
- One guy on a linotype machine could do the same amount of work as 7 compositors.
- I feel that technology in printing and type grew in such a short amount of time. It began to develop in a strong way in this short time period so much that we are beginning to see a tie in today's design. I feel that at this point we are seeing connections and understandings in what we are doing in our studio classes compared to what people like Ottmar Mergenthalier and Fredrerich Koenig have done.
Victorian Erographics
- marked by their esthetic confusion
- Queen Victoria ruled around the same time the Civil War was going on.
Victorians
- very religious
- loved fussiness
- loved stuff
- strong moral beliefs
- middle class comes from Industrial and Victorian period due to the fact that people were getting
money and just spending it on things.
- During this time period things were being made by the masses, but there was a decline in quality
of craft.
- The title page from Pencil of Nature by William Henry Fox Talbot, 1844, is a prime example of
Victorian by the mixture of styles and techniques that have no esthetic.
-The Victorian period is really not something that I like. I appreciate it because it's sort of something you can look at and say, "DON'T DO THIS!!!" In a way it's good to have something that you can look at and know not to have that style. The esthetic was not there. There was no connection in what style they wanted like they things they bought in that time period.
Lithography
- Hoe printing press was created in 1870.
- Stone printing in 1776.
- Image is drawn directly on the stone when using stone printing.
- Gradations and realistic color schemes were possible with stone printing.
Chromalithography (color lithography)
- Chromalithography began in Boston for America.
- Ephemera - printed things that aren't meant to be collected.
- L. Prang & Company and others, c.1880's - early 1900's
- L. Prang is considered as the father of scrapping which is a tone of images thrown together.
Victorian Style
- Idealized images of children
- Pattern
- Exotic animal
- Tromploi
- Graphics that show entertainment
- Idea of Father Christmas
- Schumacher & Ettlinger, lithographic covers and pages from Our Navy premium booklet were all
in color.
- Some event posters left a space for where and when an event would be.
Packaging
- Chromalithography made it possible to print on metal containers as you would put a decal on a
model car.
- Quaker Oats developed during this time period.
- Personalities for companies became more common during this time.
Magazines
- Letterpress, 1866 - aloud illusion of depth
- Mixed, 1856
- 8.5 x 11' wood cut, 1856
-Victorian era introduced toy books (children books)
Illustrator's for Children's Books
- Walter
- Randolph Caldecott
- Kate Greenaway
Thomas Nast
- gave us Uncle Sam, modern day Santa Claus, Columbia (not the country), Democrat Donkey, and
Republican Elephant.
-responsible for the downfall of William "Boss" Tweed.
- I think Thomas Nast shows how powerful we as designers can be. He took someone who was considered a very powerful man and brought him down. This is someone I can see giving me inspiration to make some very powerful and awe-inspiring pieces.
Friday, January 28, 2011
Wednesday, January 19, 2011
History of Graphic Design..........DAY 2
Review
-The Caves of Lascaux were the beginning of imagery.
-Storytelling was a strong way of bring ideas to others before writing.
-Cuneiform tablets were some of the first ways of writing.
-The romans took Greecian ideas and refined them.
-The Roman alphabet is the forerunner for today's alphabet.
-Rustic and Capital Quadrada were some of the first types used.
-When the Roman Empire fell Kells were left to fend for themselves and make their own writing
style.
-The Book of Kells was an example of Gothic Script.
-Parchment soon came into play and was created by shaving sheep skin until it was thin enough.
-Paper was made with a screen and shavings and water.
-I feel that even the imagery on such pieces as the Caves of Lascaux were impacters on how we create type now. Even though we don't use images, the types we use are just like those images in the since that we are telling a story or sending a message using these types.
Evolution of Roman Letters
-1465 - Type took on a humanistic style of Italian scribes.
-1476 - Calendarium - Calculated solar and lunar cycle.
-Steven Daye brought printing to the Colonies in 1639.
-Gutenberg and Steven Daye were very similar by being two normal guys who brought printing to
their societies.
-Gutenberg and Steven Daye I feel can be agreat influence on us. Two ordinary men who knew nothing about type became two of the people we need to thank for developing this art that we use today.
Rococo / French Revolution
-During the French Revolution letters were to be drawn by scientific principles a square divided into a
grid of 64 units each of them was divided into 36 units for a total of 2304 units.
-Philippe Grandjean made a Specimen of Romaine du Roi in 1702.
-Pierre Simon Fournier Le Jeune, who lived during the Rococo period, created Manuel
Typographique, 1764 & 1768.
-Dies before the French Revolution.
-Rococo is the time period in which fanciful French interior design was a major deal.
-Copperplate engraving explodes during the French Revolution. It aloud contrasts between thick and
thins in type.
-Influences design of metal type.
-Giambattista Bodoni was greatly influenced by Fournier.
-Bodoni is a mechanical type face with a limited number of similar units. The Neoclassical style was
simplified and showed strong contrasts between thicks and thins.
-With the French Revolution ending and the Industrial Revolution beginning I find it crazy that not only interior design, but even type and printing developed so quickly over a short period of time.
Industrial Revolution
-Fatface (Display) type faces become popular.
-These type faces were used to catch peoples attention.
-Because these Fatfaces were so large people began to make wood type.
-Manufacturing replaces hand made works.
-Agriculture becomes Industrial.
-The Industrial Revolution brought with is consumerism, possession, greed, the rise of the middle
class, lose of human value, and growing literacy and schools.
-In 1815 Vincent Figgins showed Two Line Picas, Antique which we now call Egyptian.
-Egyptian typefaces have even weight between stroke and serif. (These were also called slab serifs)
-Then came the Two Line Egyptian; the Sans Serif.
-And after that came Tuskin Letters; Display / Ornamental Serifs.
Router
-Because of the Router we were able to create knocked out type, shadowed type, etc.
-Poster houses began to pop up.
-Wood and metal type were being used in the same piece.
-Lythography - draw or write on stone.
-To hang posters back then you needed approval from the authorities.
-Now I feel that we are beginning to see a development into the typefaces we use today. With the development of Display faces, Sans Serifs, and the perfecting of Serif faces we are beginning to see a direct relation between the past and the present.
-The Caves of Lascaux were the beginning of imagery.
-Storytelling was a strong way of bring ideas to others before writing.
-Cuneiform tablets were some of the first ways of writing.
-The romans took Greecian ideas and refined them.
-The Roman alphabet is the forerunner for today's alphabet.
-Rustic and Capital Quadrada were some of the first types used.
-When the Roman Empire fell Kells were left to fend for themselves and make their own writing
style.
-The Book of Kells was an example of Gothic Script.
-Parchment soon came into play and was created by shaving sheep skin until it was thin enough.
-Paper was made with a screen and shavings and water.
-I feel that even the imagery on such pieces as the Caves of Lascaux were impacters on how we create type now. Even though we don't use images, the types we use are just like those images in the since that we are telling a story or sending a message using these types.
Evolution of Roman Letters
-1465 - Type took on a humanistic style of Italian scribes.
-1476 - Calendarium - Calculated solar and lunar cycle.
-Steven Daye brought printing to the Colonies in 1639.
-Gutenberg and Steven Daye were very similar by being two normal guys who brought printing to
their societies.
-Gutenberg and Steven Daye I feel can be agreat influence on us. Two ordinary men who knew nothing about type became two of the people we need to thank for developing this art that we use today.
Rococo / French Revolution
-During the French Revolution letters were to be drawn by scientific principles a square divided into a
grid of 64 units each of them was divided into 36 units for a total of 2304 units.
-Philippe Grandjean made a Specimen of Romaine du Roi in 1702.
-Pierre Simon Fournier Le Jeune, who lived during the Rococo period, created Manuel
Typographique, 1764 & 1768.
-Dies before the French Revolution.
-Rococo is the time period in which fanciful French interior design was a major deal.
-Copperplate engraving explodes during the French Revolution. It aloud contrasts between thick and
thins in type.
-Influences design of metal type.
-Giambattista Bodoni was greatly influenced by Fournier.
-Bodoni is a mechanical type face with a limited number of similar units. The Neoclassical style was
simplified and showed strong contrasts between thicks and thins.
-With the French Revolution ending and the Industrial Revolution beginning I find it crazy that not only interior design, but even type and printing developed so quickly over a short period of time.
Industrial Revolution
-Fatface (Display) type faces become popular.
-These type faces were used to catch peoples attention.
-Because these Fatfaces were so large people began to make wood type.
-Manufacturing replaces hand made works.
-Agriculture becomes Industrial.
-The Industrial Revolution brought with is consumerism, possession, greed, the rise of the middle
class, lose of human value, and growing literacy and schools.
-In 1815 Vincent Figgins showed Two Line Picas, Antique which we now call Egyptian.
-Egyptian typefaces have even weight between stroke and serif. (These were also called slab serifs)
-Then came the Two Line Egyptian; the Sans Serif.
-And after that came Tuskin Letters; Display / Ornamental Serifs.
Router
-Because of the Router we were able to create knocked out type, shadowed type, etc.
-Poster houses began to pop up.
-Wood and metal type were being used in the same piece.
-Lythography - draw or write on stone.
-To hang posters back then you needed approval from the authorities.
-Now I feel that we are beginning to see a development into the typefaces we use today. With the development of Display faces, Sans Serifs, and the perfecting of Serif faces we are beginning to see a direct relation between the past and the present.
Sunday, January 16, 2011
History of Graphic Design........DAY 1
The first forms of typography
-Capitalist Quadrada (square capitals).
-Rustic Capitals.
Charlamagne
-Alquin of York cleaned up Charlamagne's writing.
Evolution of block tablets
-xylography- wood block prinitng.
-paper had to be made for this.
-A manual on the art of dying was created with xylography.
-Later developed with color.
-Letters so began to have qualities of caligraphy.
4 things needed in order to make books
1) There must be a growing middle class
2) Students in a university system
3) Increased literacy
4) Demand
-A book was the value of a small farm or vineyard.
Gutenberg
-Gutenberg gets credit for creating the printing press.
-Gutenberg used Blackletter / Textura fonts.
-Gutenberg's Bible was printed in the mid 1400's (1450-1455).
-1450- Gutenberg takes out a loan to make a bible.
-Gutenberg partners with Fust.
-Ligature- two characters made to work as one.
-Incunabula- the infancy of printing (first fifty years)
-Fleurons- decorative printing elements
-Capitalist Quadrada (square capitals).
-Rustic Capitals.
Charlamagne
-Alquin of York cleaned up Charlamagne's writing.
Evolution of block tablets
-xylography- wood block prinitng.
-paper had to be made for this.
-A manual on the art of dying was created with xylography.
-Later developed with color.
-Letters so began to have qualities of caligraphy.
4 things needed in order to make books
1) There must be a growing middle class
2) Students in a university system
3) Increased literacy
4) Demand
-A book was the value of a small farm or vineyard.
Gutenberg
-Gutenberg gets credit for creating the printing press.
-Gutenberg used Blackletter / Textura fonts.
-Gutenberg's Bible was printed in the mid 1400's (1450-1455).
-1450- Gutenberg takes out a loan to make a bible.
-Gutenberg partners with Fust.
-Ligature- two characters made to work as one.
-Incunabula- the infancy of printing (first fifty years)
-Fleurons- decorative printing elements
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